Table of contents

What is Linux?BenefitsPopular distrosHow to choose a distroWho uses Linux?Linux challengesLinux for serversNext stepsAdditional resources

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What is Linux? A complete guide to distributions, servers, and getting started

If you’re new to development, you’ve probably heard of Linux—but what exactly is it, and why do so many developers use it?

Linux is an open-source operating system that powers everything from web servers to smartphones, offering flexibility, security, and complete control over your environment. Unlike Windows or macOS, Linux comes in many different versions, called distributions (or distros), each tailored for different needs.

Let’s break down what Linux is, how it works, and why developers love it for programming, server management, and beyond.

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What is Linux?

Linux is an open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel that powers various distributions (distros) used for servers, desktops, and embedded systems. Known for its adaptability and robustness, Linux is preferred by developers, businesses, and tech enthusiasts alike.

Unlike proprietary operating systems, Linux’s open-source nature allows users to modify and distribute the code freely, fostering a collaborative community that drives continuous improvements. With a plethora of distributions, or ‘distros,’ Linux caters to diverse needs, from personal computing to enterprise-level applications.

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Features and benefits

Linux offers a wealth of features and benefits, making it a popular choice for both personal and professional use.

Flexibility

One standout feature is Linux’s flexibility. Users can modify the source code to meet their specific needs, creating a highly customizable experience. This flexibility is particularly advantageous for developers and organizations optimizing their environments for peak performance.

Security

Another significant benefit of Linux is its security. With a robust permission and user role system, Linux is inherently more secure than many other operating systems. Frequent updates and a dedicated community address vulnerabilities promptly, making it a preferred choice for businesses prioritizing data protection.

Stability

Additionally, Linux is known for its stability and reliability. It can run for extended periods without requiring a reboot, ideal for server environments where uptime is crucial. This reliability is further enhanced by various distributions catering to different use cases, from lightweight systems for older hardware to powerful servers handling large workloads.

Affordability

Moreover, Linux is cost-effective. As a free operating system, it eliminates the licensing fees associated with many commercial software options, making it an attractive option for startups and small businesses. With a vast repository of free applications and tools, users can access a wide range of software without additional costs.

Popular Linux distributions

Linux’s versatility is evident in its numerous distributions, each catering to different needs and preferences. Here are some of the most popular Linux distros:

Ubuntu: Known for its user-friendly interface, Ubuntu is an excellent choice for beginners. It features a sleek design and a vast repository of software, ensuring users can easily find and install necessary applications.
AlmaLinux: A community-driven fork of CentOS, AlmaLinux provides a free and open-source enterprise-level operating system. It aims to be a reliable choice for server environments, maintaining compatibility with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL).
Rocky Linux: Another popular fork of CentOS, founded by one of its original creators, Rocky Linux focuses on delivering a stable and secure environment for production workloads, ideal for businesses seeking a robust operating system.
Fedora: Known for its cutting-edge features and frequent updates, Fedora is sponsored by Red Hat. It serves as a testing ground for new technologies that may eventually make their way into RHEL, attracting developers and tech enthusiasts.
Debian: One of the oldest and most stable distros, Debian is the foundation for many other distributions, including Ubuntu. It is renowned for its commitment to free software and a strong package management system.
CentOS: Although its traditional model has transitioned, CentOS remains a popular choice for many server administrators. It offers a stable, enterprise-ready platform widely used in production environments.

How to choose a Linux distribution

Choosing the right Linux distribution can significantly impact your experience, whether you’re a seasoned developer or a casual user. Here are some key considerations to guide your selection:

Purpose and use case: Determine your intended use for Linux. Are you looking for a distribution for desktop use, server management, or development purposes? For example, distributions like Ubuntu and Fedora are great for everyday desktop use, while CentOS or Ubuntu Server are tailored for server environments.
User experience: Consider your comfort level with technology. Some distributions, such as Linux Mint or Zorin OS, offer a user-friendly interface that appeals to beginners. In contrast, distributions like Arch Linux provide more flexibility and control but require a deeper understanding of Linux.
Community and support: A vibrant community can be a valuable resource. Look for distributions with strong community support, extensive documentation, and active forums. Ubuntu, for instance, has a large user base and comprehensive resources available, making it easier to find help when needed.
Software availability: Ensure that the distribution you choose supports the software you need. Most distributions come with package managers that simplify application installation, but some may have restrictions on certain software packages.
Performance and resource requirements: Evaluate the system requirements of each distribution. If using older hardware, lightweight distributions like Lubuntu or Puppy Linux may be more suitable.

Who mainly uses Linux?

Linux is widely used across industries and professions, especially in roles where stability, security, and customization are essential. From developers to systems administrators, here are the types of users who rely on Linux most:

System administrators: Sysadmins use Linux to manage servers, networks, and infrastructure. Its strong command-line tools, robust security model, and uptime reliability make it a preferred OS in enterprise and cloud environments.
Developers and programmers: Many developers favor Linux for its powerful terminal, package managers, and support for open-source languages and frameworks. It’s especially popular for building web apps, containerized services, and backend systems.
DevOps engineers: Linux plays a central role in automation, CI/CD pipelines, and infrastructure-as-code workflows. Tools like Docker, Kubernetes, and Ansible are often run in Linux environments to streamline deployments and scaling.
Cybersecurity professionals: Security analysts and ethical hackers use Linux-based distributions like Kali or Parrot OS for penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, and forensic analysis. Linux offers flexibility and access to specialized security tools.
Data scientists and engineers: Those working with big data, AI, or machine learning often prefer Linux for its compatibility with Python, R, TensorFlow, and GPU-based tools. It’s also the OS of choice on most high-performance computing clusters.
Network engineers: Linux is foundational for managing routers, switches, and firewalls. Many networking tools and open-source platforms are Linux-based, giving network pros the flexibility and control they need.
Tech-savvy hobbyists and tinkerers: From Raspberry Pi projects to custom home servers, Linux is a go-to for enthusiasts who want to build and experiment. Its open-source nature encourages exploration and deep customization.

Challenges of using Linux

While Linux is celebrated for its flexibility, robustness, and security, users may encounter several challenges. One common hurdle is the steep learning curve associated with its command-line interface. Unlike more user-friendly operating systems, Linux often requires a deeper understanding of system commands and configurations, which can be intimidating for newcomers.

Another challenge is hardware compatibility. Although many manufacturers now support Linux, some hardware components may not have readily available drivers, leading to functionality issues. This is particularly problematic for users with newer or less common hardware.

Software availability can also be a concern. While the open-source community has developed numerous applications, some popular software programs are not natively available on Linux. Users may need to seek alternatives or use compatibility layers, such as Wine, to run Windows applications, which can sometimes lead to performance issues.

Furthermore, the vast number of Linux distributions can be overwhelming. Each distribution offers a unique set of features and user experiences, complicating the decision-making process for individuals and businesses alike. Choosing the right distribution is crucial to leveraging Linux’s full potential.

Lastly, maintaining a Linux server requires ongoing learning and regular updates. Users must invest time in understanding system administration to ensure optimal performance and security.

How Linux supports server environments

Linux is a powerful operating system that has become a preferred choice for server environments due to its robust performance, security, and flexibility. Its open-source nature allows businesses to modify and optimize the software to suit their specific needs without the burden of licensing fees. This can lead to significant cost savings, particularly for organizations deploying multiple servers.

Many of the world’s most popular websites and applications run on Linux servers because they can handle high traffic loads and operate continuously without crashing. This is crucial for businesses requiring 24/7 uptime, as any downtime can result in lost revenue and a tarnished reputation.

With strong permission and user role features, Linux provides a more secure environment compared to other operating systems. Regular updates and a large community of developers contribute to the rapid identification and patching of vulnerabilities, ensuring server security against potential threats.

Furthermore, Linux supports a vast array of applications and tools, making it highly adaptable for various workloads. This flexibility allows businesses to run everything from web servers and databases to cloud services seamlessly.

Getting started with a Linux server

Getting started with a Linux server can seem daunting, but with the right guidance, you can quickly become proficient. A Linux server is a powerful tool offering flexibility, security, and strong community support.

Understanding the basics of Linux, such as its file system, command-line interface, and user permissions, is crucial for effective server management. Begin by familiarizing yourself with common commands and utilities to navigate and manipulate the server environment.

Once you’ve established foundational knowledge, the next step is to choose a hosting solution that fits your needs, and that’s where Liquid Web comes in. We offer the industry’s fastest and most secure VPS servers, as well as top-performant dedicated servers, with multiple Linux distros.

Click below to explore options or start a chat with one of our hosting experts now.